Küstenschutzinfrastruktur

Küstenschutzinfrastruktur refers to the artificial structures and natural features that are employed to protect coastlines from erosion and flooding. These measures are crucial for safeguarding human settlements, infrastructure, and ecosystems from the damaging effects of the sea, particularly in the face of rising sea levels and increased storm intensity. The primary goal is to reduce the impact of waves, currents, and tides on the shoreline.

Common types of Küstenschutzinfrastruktur include hard engineering solutions such as seawalls, breakwaters, groynes, and revetments. Seawalls are vertical or sloping structures built along the coastline to absorb or reflect wave energy. Breakwaters are structures built offshore to reduce wave energy before it reaches the coast. Groynes are structures built perpendicular to the shore to trap sand and prevent longshore drift. Revetments are sloping structures, often made of rock or concrete, designed to protect the base of a cliff or embankment from erosion.

Soft engineering and nature-based solutions are also increasingly important components of Küstenschutzinfrastruktur. These include beach nourishment, dune restoration, and the creation or preservation of wetlands and salt marshes. Beach nourishment involves adding sand to widen beaches, which can act as a natural buffer against wave action. Dune systems provide a natural barrier and can be reinforced through vegetation planting. Wetlands and salt marshes absorb wave energy and can adapt to rising sea levels. The selection and implementation of Küstenschutzinfrastruktur depend on a variety of factors, including local geological conditions, coastal processes, environmental considerations, and economic feasibility. A sustainable approach often involves a combination of different methods.