Jännitealuke

Jännitealuke, also known as a voltage divider, is a simple electrical circuit used to reduce or divide voltage levels. It consists of two or more resistors connected in series, with the output voltage taken across one or more of the resistors. The primary function of a jännitealuke is to provide a specific fraction of the input voltage at its output, based on the resistor values and their arrangement.

The operation of a jännitealuke relies on the principle of voltage division, where the input voltage is distributed across the resistors according to their resistance values. If the resistors have equal resistance, the output voltage will be approximately half of the input voltage. If the resistors have unequal resistances, the output voltage will be a fraction of the input voltage proportional to the ratio of the resistances. The formula for calculating the output voltage in a two-resistor jännitealuke is given by:

Vout = Vin × (R2 / (R1 + R2))

where Vout is the output voltage, Vin is the input voltage, R1 is the resistance of the first resistor, and R2 is the resistance of the second resistor.

Jännitealuked are commonly used in various applications, including signal conditioning, sensor interfacing, and power supply regulation. They are particularly useful in situations where a lower voltage is required to drive a component or circuit that is not compatible with the available voltage supply. The simplicity and low cost of jännitealuked make them a popular choice for many electronic designs.

In practical applications, it is important to consider factors such as load resistance and the power dissipation of the resistors to ensure proper operation and prevent damage. Additionally, the accuracy of the output voltage depends on the precision of the resistor values and the stability of their resistance over temperature variations. Proper selection and design of the resistors are essential for achieving the desired performance in a jännitealuke circuit.