Juror

A juror is a member of a jury, a group of citizens selected to decide questions of fact in a legal proceeding. In criminal cases, jurors determine whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty; in civil cases, they may decide liability and damages, depending on the jurisdiction.

Jurors are usually drawn from a pool of citizens and summoned to appear for jury service. Selection typically involves random listing and a screening process called voir dire, during which the judge and attorneys ask questions to identify individuals who may be biased or unable to serve impartially.

Qualifications and disqualifications vary by jurisdiction but commonly include age limits, residency, language ability, and no disqualifying criminal convictions. Some people may be excused or deferral based on hardship, health, or professional obligations.

During the trial, jurors listen to witnesses, review exhibits, and follow the judge’s instructions on the applicable law. They must render a verdict based on the evidence presented. The standard of proof differs: in criminal cases it is typically beyond a reasonable doubt, while in many civil cases it is a preponderance of the evidence or a similar standard.

Jurors generally serve for the duration of the trial, and, in many cases, may be compensated for time and reimbursed for certain expenses. They are protected by confidentiality regarding their deliberations and are instructed to avoid outside influence.

Deliberations are conducted in private, with jurors aiming to reach a verdict. In criminal cases many systems require a unanimous verdict, while others permit a qualified majority. If no agreement is reached, a mistrial may be declared.