Julkishallinto

Julkishallinto, or public administration, is the framework of institutions, procedures, and personnel through which a state generates, implements, and enforces public policy and delivers services to citizens. In Finland, julkishallinto is typically divided into central government and local government. Central government includes ministries (ministeriöt), government agencies (viranomaiset), and other state institutions that prepare legislation, implement policy, supervise compliance, and coordinate cross-sector activities. The Cabinet and the Prime Minister's Office set policy direction, while ministries translate policy into laws, regulations, and administrative guidance.

Local government consists of municipalities and towns with elected councils. Local authorities administer and fund core public services such as education, health and social services, road maintenance, and urban planning. Municipal autonomy is a key feature, funded by local taxes, user charges, and state subsidies under national legislation.

The public administration operates under administrative law and constitutional principles, with oversight by courts, the Chancellor of Justice, and the Parliamentary Ombudsman. The National Audit Office monitors financial management and effectiveness. Public servants are expected to act impartially, professionally, and in a customer-oriented manner, preserving the division between political leadership and administrative execution.

In Finland, digitalization and open government are increasingly central, with e-services and portals such as Suomi.fi enhancing accessibility. The system is also shaped by European Union law and cross-border cooperation, aiming for efficient service delivery, transparency, and high ethical standards.