Jianpu
Jianpu, short for 简谱, is a form of numeric notation used to transcribe melodies without staff notation. In Jianpu, pitches are indicated by the digits 1 through 7, corresponding to the major scale degrees do through ti; a 0 stands for a rest. The octave of a note is shown by dots placed above or below the digit: a dot above raises the pitch by one octave, a dot below lowers it. Rhythm and duration are indicated by symbols around the digits, with longer values often shown by extending marks or lines, and shorter values by spacing or smaller groupings. Bar lines mark measures, and a tempo is given separately in the score as in other systems.
Jianpu originated in China and became widely used in the 20th century for music education, church and
Criticisms note that, while efficient for melodies and simple songs, Jianpu has limitations for polyphonic or