Jelátvitelek

Jelátvitelek, often translated as "gel electrophoresis," is a laboratory technique used in molecular biology and biochemistry to separate molecules based on their size and electrical charge. This separation is achieved by passing an electric current through a gel matrix, which acts as a sieve. Charged molecules migrate through the gel towards the electrode with the opposite charge. Smaller molecules move more quickly through the pores of the gel than larger ones, resulting in their separation.

The most common types of gels used are agarose and polyacrylamide. Agarose gels are typically used for separating larger molecules like DNA and RNA, while polyacrylamide gels are better suited for smaller molecules such as proteins and peptides. The gel is prepared as a solid slab, and wells are created at one end to load the samples. An electrophoresis buffer is used to conduct the electric current and maintain a stable pH.

Once the electric current is applied, molecules begin to move through the gel. The process is monitored until sufficient separation is achieved. Various staining techniques are then used to visualize the separated molecules. For DNA and RNA, common stains include ethidium bromide or SYBR Green, which fluoresce under UV light. Proteins are often stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue or silver stains.

Jelátvitelek is a versatile technique with numerous applications. It is widely used for DNA fingerprinting, PCR product analysis, gene cloning, protein analysis, and diagnostics. The ability to separate and analyze molecules based on their physical properties makes it an indispensable tool in research and biotechnology.