Jaatis

Jaatis are a traditional form of social stratification found in South Asia, particularly prevalent in India. The term is often translated as "caste" or "sub-caste" and refers to a hierarchical system of social groups. Traditionally, jaatis were linked to occupations and purity rituals, with groups occupying distinct positions within a social order. Membership in a jaati is typically determined by birth and is hereditary. Marriage, social interactions, and even food sharing were historically governed by jaati affiliation, creating endogamous communities.

The concept of jaatis is deeply intertwined with the varna system, a broader classification of four broad social categories. While the varna system provides a theoretical framework, the practical reality of social organization in many regions is largely defined by the numerous jaatis that exist within and across varna divisions. These jaatis often have their own internal governance structures and customs.

In contemporary India, the legal system has abolished caste-based discrimination, and affirmative action policies are in place to address historical disadvantages. However, jaati identity continues to influence social dynamics, political mobilization, and economic opportunities for many individuals. While the rigid social boundaries associated with jaatis have somewhat softened in urban areas and due to modernization, the concept remains a significant aspect of South Asian social history and contemporary life.