Jännitteenkertojat

Jännitteenkertojat, also known as voltage multipliers, are simple electrical circuits that produce a higher DC voltage from a lower AC voltage. They are typically constructed using diodes and capacitors. The basic principle involves rectifying an AC input and then using the capacitors to store charge, effectively stacking the voltage across successive stages.

The most common type of voltage multiplier is the Cockcroft-Walton generator. This circuit consists of a series of diodes and capacitors arranged in a ladder-like structure. Each stage of the ladder rectifies and doubles the voltage from the previous stage, leading to a significant voltage increase at the output. Another type is the Villard cascade, which is similar in principle but uses a different arrangement of components.

Voltage multipliers are often used in applications where a high DC voltage is required but a high-power supply is not available or practical. Examples include cathode ray tube (CRT) displays for televisions and monitors, X-ray machines, and photomultiplier tubes. They are also found in some types of power supplies for electronic devices.

While effective, voltage multipliers have limitations. They are generally inefficient, especially at higher voltage outputs, and their output voltage can sag significantly under load. The ripple on the output voltage can also be substantial, often requiring additional filtering. Despite these drawbacks, their simplicity and cost-effectiveness make them a viable solution for many low-current, high-voltage applications.