Jälkeisinä

Jälkeisinä is a Finnish grammatical form used in standard written Finnish. It is the essive plural form of the adjective jälkinen, meaning "subsequent" or "following." In Finnish, the essive case marks a temporary state or role, roughly translating to "as" or "in the capacity of." When applied to multiple nouns, the form becomes jälkeisinä, allowing phrases such as "jälkeisinä vuosikymmeninä" to mean "in the following decades."

Usage and nuance: Jälkeisinä is typically found in formal or analytical prose, especially in historical writing or discussions that enumerate time periods or phases. It signals a point after a cited event or reference and places emphasis on what comes next. In everyday speech, speakers often choose simpler constructions such as seuraavina or tulevina, depending on the emphasis and flow of dialogue.

Examples:

- Jälkeisinä vuosikymmeninä Suomen talous kasvoi. (In the following decades, Finland’s economy grew.)

- Tutkimus käsittelee jälkeisinä aikakausina tapahtuneita muutoksia. (The study deals with changes that occurred in the later periods.)

Notes: Jälkeisinä is one of several essive plural forms used with adjectives ending in -inen; its exact form follows vowel harmony rules. The term is primarily a feature of written Finnish and may appear in scholarly, historical, or official texts rather than casual conversation.

See also: Finnish grammar, Essive case, Adjective inflection, Jälkinen.