Izraela

Izrael, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Lebanon and Syria to the north, by Jordan to the east, by Egypt to the southwest, and by the sea to the west. It lies in proximity to the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Israel traces its modern statehood to the era of the Zionist movement and was established in 1948 following the United Nations partition plan for Palestine. The declaration led to several wars with neighboring states and to the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Since its founding, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt (1979) and Jordan (1994) and has pursued broader regional diplomacy.

Israel is a parliamentary democracy. Legislative power is vested in the Knesset, a 120-member body; the prime minister serves as head of government, while the president has largely ceremonial duties. The country operates under a system of Basic Laws that function as its constitutional framework. The judiciary is independent, and electoral politics include multiple parties.

As of the early 2020s, Israel’s population is around 9 million people, with a Jewish majority and Arab minority (including Muslims, Christians, and Druze). Hebrew is the main official language; Arabic has a special status, and English is widely used. Israel has a diversified economy, characterized by high-tech industries, manufacturing, agriculture, and services. The currency is the Israeli new shekel (ILS).

Israel is known for innovations in technology, science, and medicine, as well as its cultural diversity and complex social dynamics. Its geography ranges from the coastal plain to the Negev Desert and the Dead Sea region.