Izgatottság

Izgatottság is a Hungarian term describing a state of increased physiological and psychological responsiveness to stimuli, and it covers a range from general excitement or agitation to sexual arousal. The word comes from izgatni, to excite, with the suffix -ság forming a noun that denotes the state or quality of being excited. In everyday language it can refer to emotional excitement, nervous tension, or physical readiness to respond.

Types and scope: General arousal refers to non-specific mobilization of the organism in response to stimuli such as surprise, stress, or anticipation. Sexual arousal is a specific form of arousal involving mental and bodily changes that prepare the body for sexual activity. The two forms can occur together or separately, and arousal is influenced by context, mood, and individual differences.

Physiology and processes: Arousal involves the autonomic nervous system, endocrine signals, and brain networks that include the limbic system and hypothalamus. Common physiological markers include increased heart rate, faster breathing, pupil dilation, and changes in skin conductance. In sexual arousal, genital blood flow leads to erection in men and vaginal lubrication and clitoral or labial engorgement in many individuals, though subjective experiences vary.

Causes and modulation: Arousal is triggered by sensory input, cognitive appraisal, emotional state, and situational context, and can be influenced by substances such as caffeine or alcohol and by medications. Psychological factors such as motivation, attention, and mood can amplify or dampen arousal, while relaxation and coping strategies can mitigate unwanted arousal.

Clinical relevance: Dysregulation of arousal appears in anxiety and PTSD with hyperarousal, depression with hypoarousal, and various sexual disorders. Assessment may combine self-report measures with physiological indicators, and treatment typically targets underlying causes through therapy, education, or medical intervention.