Isotretinoïne

Isototretinoïne, also known as isotretinoin, is a retinoid medication used primarily for the treatment of severe nodular acne that has not responded to other therapies. It is taken orally and typically prescribed for a finite course of several months under close medical supervision. The drug is usually reserved for patients with cystic or scarring acne when standard treatments have failed.

Mechanism and effects: Isotretinoïne reduces the size and activity of sebaceous glands, leading to markedly decreased sebum production. It helps normalize the process of skin cell turnover and exerts anti-inflammatory effects, which together contribute to fewer clogged follicles and less inflammation. This multifactorial action is why isotretinoïne can produce durable improvement, sometimes long after a single course.

Safety, monitoring and administration: Isotretinoïne is highly teratogenic; it can cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy. In many countries, women of childbearing potential participate in a controlled risk-management program with pregnancy testing and strict contraception requirements. Regular monitoring is also recommended for liver function and lipid levels, and patients are advised to avoid prolonged sun exposure. Common side effects include dry skin, chapped lips, nosebleeds, and eye irritation. Mood changes and, rarely, more serious adverse events may occur; patients are advised to report any concerning symptoms promptly.

Regulatory status and history: Isotretinoïne has been used since the 1980s as a standard therapy for severe acne when other treatments fail. Its use is tightly regulated in many jurisdictions to minimize fetal risk and monitor safety during treatment.