Isoleerimise

Isoleerimise is the process of insulating a structure, component, or system to reduce the transfer of heat, sound, moisture, or electricity. The term is used especially in Estonian-language contexts and describes a broad set of techniques that improve energy efficiency, comfort, safety, and reliability.

Thermal insulation aims to limit heat flow between inside and outside environments. Common materials include mineral wool, polystyrene (expanded or extruded), polyurethane foams, wood fibre, and aerogels. Insulation is applied in walls, roofs, floors, and around pipes or ducts. Performance is typically expressed as RSI values (m2K/W) or U-values; higher RSI or lower U-values indicate better insulation. Moisture control and vapor management are important considerations to prevent condensation and mold.

Acoustic insulation reduces sound transmission between spaces. Materials such as mineral wool, fiberglass, dense boards, and specialized composites are used in walls, floors, and ceilings. Acoustic performance is described by sound transmission class (STC) and impact insulation class (IIC) ratings.

Electrical insulation prevents unintended current flow and provides fire and safety protections. Insulating materials in electrical systems include plastics, rubbers, ceramics, and air gaps, chosen for dielectric strength, temperature rating, and compatibility with other components.

Installation considerations include minimizing thermal bridges, ensuring proper moisture barriers, fire safety ratings, and long-term durability. Sustainability concerns focus on low environmental impact, recycled content, and the ability to be recycled at end of life.

Standards and guidelines vary by region, but common goals are energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and safety. Regular inspection and maintenance help preserve insulation performance over time.