Isidis

Isidis is a prominent impact crater located in the Syrtis Major quadrangle of Mars, situated at approximately 18.2 degrees north latitude and 282.4 degrees west longitude. The crater is named after the ancient Egyptian goddess Isis, who was associated with magic, fertility, and motherhood. Isidis is one of the largest impact craters on Mars, with a diameter of about 1,300 kilometers (808 miles). Its formation is believed to have occurred during the Late Heavy Bombardment period, a time when the inner Solar System was subjected to a significant increase in asteroid impacts.

The crater's distinctive features include a central peak complex and a series of concentric ridges that radiate outward from the impact site. These ridges are thought to have formed as a result of the rebound of the Martian crust following the impact. Isidis is also notable for its extensive ejecta blanket, which covers a large area of the surrounding terrain. The crater's floor is relatively flat, with a few smaller impact craters and some dark sand dunes.

Isidis is of particular interest to scientists due to its potential to have once contained a large body of water. The presence of clay minerals and other hydrated minerals in the crater's walls and ejecta suggests that liquid water may have been present in the past. This hypothesis is supported by the observation of valley networks and other geological features that indicate the flow of water. The study of Isidis and its geological history provides valuable insights into Mars' past climate and the potential for past habitability.