Ischemiaques

Ischemiaques is a term used in medical contexts to describe conditions, lesions, or processes characterized by insufficient blood flow (ischemia) to a tissue or organ. It can apply to acute or chronic scenarios and may affect any vascularized area of the body. The central feature is a reduced delivery of oxygen and nutrients, with potential disruption of cellular metabolism and function.

Pathophysiology and causes

Reduced perfusion forces cells to switch to anaerobic metabolism, leading to decreased energy production, acid–base disturbances, and accumulation of metabolic byproducts. If perfusion is not promptly restored, cellular injury can progress to necrosis. Common causes include arterial occlusion (thrombosis or embolism), atherosclerotic narrowing, vasospasm, external compression, and systemic hypotension or shock. Local factors such as microvascular dysfunction and edema can exacerbate ischemia.

Types and organ involvement

Ischemiaques can be focal, affecting a specific region, or global, resulting from widespread perfusion failure. Organ-specific examples include cerebral ischemia (stroke), myocardial ischemia (angina or infarction), intestinal ischemia (mesenteric ischemia), and peripheral limb ischemia. The clinical presentation varies by affected tissue and the duration of reduced blood flow.

Diagnosis and management

Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment supported by imaging and laboratory studies. Imaging modalities include CT or MR angiography, Doppler ultrasound, and perfusion imaging to determine location and extent of ischemia. Laboratory markers may reflect organ injury, such as troponin in cardiac involvement or lactate in broader hypoperfusion states. Treatment aims to promptly restore blood flow through medical therapy, endovascular procedures (such as thrombolysis or thrombectomy), or surgical revascularization, while addressing the underlying cause and mitigating reperfusion injury. Prevention focuses on managing vascular risk factors and hemodynamic stability.