Irular

The Irular are an indigenous tribal community primarily found in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka. Their name is believed to derive from the Tamil word "irul," meaning darkness, possibly referring to their historical association with forests and nocturnal activities. The Irular are traditionally known for their expertise in snake catching, rodent control, and the collection of forest produce. They have a distinct language, also called Irula, which is a Dravidian language with unique phonetic features.

Historically, the Irular have faced significant social and economic marginalization. Their traditional occupations, while vital to the ecosystem, have often been misunderstood or exploited. Efforts have been made by various government agencies and non-governmental organizations to improve their living conditions, education, and access to healthcare. Despite the challenges, the Irular community maintains a rich cultural heritage, including traditional music, dance, and a deep understanding of local flora and fauna. Their social structure is often characterized by close-knit kinship groups and a strong sense of community.