Ionophoresis

Ionophoresis is a therapeutic technique that utilizes a low electric current to enhance the transdermal delivery of charged drug molecules. This method is also known as iontophoresis. The process involves placing a medicated electrode and a return electrode onto the skin. When the electric current is applied, it facilitates the movement of ions from the medicated electrode through the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, and into the underlying tissues.

The direction of drug movement is determined by the charge of the drug and the polarity of the electrode. Positively charged drugs are delivered from an anode (positive electrode), while negatively charged drugs are delivered from a cathode (negative electrode). This targeted delivery can help reduce systemic side effects by concentrating the medication at the desired site.

Ionophoresis is employed in various medical applications, including pain management, the treatment of inflammatory conditions, and the delivery of local anesthetics. It is also used in dermatology for the treatment of hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) and fungal infections of the feet. The effectiveness of ionophoresis depends on factors such as the drug's properties, the current intensity and duration, and the characteristics of the patient's skin. While generally considered safe, potential side effects include skin irritation or redness at the electrode sites.