Iodophores

Iodophores are chemical complexes that release elemental iodine. They are widely used as disinfectants and antiseptics. The most common type of iodophore is a polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) complex, also known as povidone-iodine. In this complex, iodine is bound to PVP, a polymer that helps to solubilize the iodine and reduce its irritancy. Other iodophores include iodine-detergent complexes and iodine-surfactant complexes.

The antimicrobial action of iodophores is attributed to the release of free iodine, which is a potent oxidizing agent. Iodine disrupts essential cellular processes in microorganisms, including protein synthesis and enzyme activity. It can also denature microbial proteins and lipids, leading to cell death. Iodophores are effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They are commonly used for skin disinfection before surgical procedures, wound cleansing, and as an antiseptic hand wash.

Compared to elemental iodine solutions, iodophores offer several advantages. The polymer complex reduces the volatility and staining properties of iodine, making it less irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. The controlled release of iodine also prolongs its antimicrobial activity. However, iodophores can still cause allergic reactions in some individuals, and prolonged use may lead to thyroid dysfunction, particularly in infants or individuals with pre-existing thyroid conditions. It is important to follow product instructions and consult with healthcare professionals when using iodophores.