iodophore

An iodophore is a chemical compound that contains iodine. More specifically, it refers to a complex formed between iodine and another molecule, typically a polymer or a surfactant, which serves to stabilize the iodine and control its release. These compounds are often used for their antimicrobial properties.

The most common iodophore is povidone-iodine (PVP-I), a complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and iodine. In povidone-iodine, the PVP acts as a carrier, holding the iodine in solution. This complex slowly releases free iodine, which is the active antimicrobial agent. Free iodine denatures essential proteins and enzymes within microorganisms, leading to their inactivation and death.

Iodophores are valued for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They are widely used in healthcare settings as disinfectants and antiseptics for skin preparation before surgical procedures, wound care, and for sterilizing medical equipment. Their advantages include relatively low toxicity compared to elemental iodine, reduced staining, and a longer shelf life. The specific efficacy and application of an iodophore depend on its formulation and concentration.