Iodocompounds

Iodocompounds are chemical species that contain iodine as a constituent element. Iodine is a halogen with the symbol I and atomic number 53, and it commonly forms covalent single bonds with other elements. The most prevalent iodocompounds are inorganic salts such as potassium iodide, sodium iodide, and iodine triiodide, as well as organic derivatives exemplified by iodobenzene, alkyl iodides, and iodinated organic acids. Because iodine is relatively electronegative and polarizable, iodocompounds often act as oxidizing agents or serve as intermediates in synthetic chemistry. In organoiodine chemistry, reagents like N‑iodosuccinimide and iodine‑based oxidants (e.g., periodic acid) are employed for selective iodination of aromatic rings and oxidation of alcohols.

In industrial and consumer products, iodocompounds play important roles. Potassium iodide is added to iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency disorders and is used as a dental implant coating to improve biocompatibility. Perchlorate and iodohalogen fuels employ iodine-containing molecules for high-energy release. In medicine, radioactive iodides, such as iodine‑123 and iodine‑131, are used for diagnostic imaging and treatment of thyroid conditions. Photographic emulsions historically utilized iodides to form silver iodide crystals, though this practice has largely been supplanted by modern materials.

Safety data indicate that many iodocompounds are toxic or corrosive. Liquid iodine solutions can cause mucous membrane irritation and skin burns; ingestion of salts may lead to gastrointestinal distress. Protective equipment is recommended when handling concentrated iodine sources. Environmental concerns involve the persistence of iodinated waste, necessitating regulated disposal practices.

Overall, iodocompounds occupy a diverse niche across chemistry, industry, and medicine, providing essential functionality from redox chemistry to diagnostic imaging.