Insulinbinding
Insulinbinding, also written as insulin binding, refers to the interaction of insulin with cell-surface receptors that mediate its biological effects. The primary receptor is the insulin receptor (IR), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase expressed in most mammalian tissues. Insulin binding occurs at the extracellular α-subunits of the IR, prompting conformational changes that activate intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the β-subunits and trigger phosphorylation cascades inside the cell.
IR exists as two isoforms generated by alternative splicing of the INSR gene: IR-A and IR-B. IR-A
Binding dynamics depend on receptor density, insulin concentration, and receptor endocytosis. Binding is reversible and subject
Clinical relevance includes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, where receptor signaling is impaired; mutations in