Instrumentointivahvistimet

Instrumentointivahvistimet, often called instrumenointivahvistimet in Finnish, are electronic amplifiers designed for measuring small signals from a source that has a high impedance or is unbalanced. They are characterized by high input impedance, high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), and low offset voltage. These characteristics make them ideal for amplifying low-level signals in the presence of significant common-mode noise.

The typical architecture of an instrumentointivahvistin involves three operational amplifiers. The first two op-amps act as non-inverting amplifiers with very high input impedance. Their outputs are then fed into a third op-amp configured as a difference amplifier. This configuration allows for precise amplification of the differential signal while effectively rejecting any noise or voltage that is common to both input terminals.

Instrumentointivahvistimet are widely used in applications such as medical instrumentation (e.g., ECG, EEG), sensor signal conditioning (e.g., strain gauges, thermocouples), industrial control systems, and data acquisition systems. Their ability to accurately amplify weak signals in noisy environments is crucial for obtaining reliable measurements. The gain of an instrumentointivahvistin is typically set by a single external resistor, making it easy to adjust for different measurement requirements.