Institucijas
Institucijas, or institutions, are enduring patterns of social rules and organizations that structure human interaction across society. They include formal bodies such as governments, courts, and regulatory agencies, as well as the informal norms that guide behavior and expectations. By organizing routines and expectations, institutions reduce uncertainty, coordinate actions, and enable complex collective activities.
They can be categorized into public institutions (state agencies, local authorities), private sector institutions (companies, banks,
Functions include setting and enforcing rules, allocating resources, delivering services such as education and health, regulating
Characteristics often include formal or informal rules, legitimacy, durability, and mechanisms for accountability. They are subject
Studying institutions is central to political science, sociology, and economics, because they influence efficiency, equity, and