Innflutningskvótar

Innflutningskvótar, or import quotas, are a form of trade restriction that limits the quantity of a specific good that can be imported into a country during a particular period. This is distinct from tariffs, which are taxes imposed on imported goods. Quotas are often set by governments to protect domestic industries from foreign competition, to conserve foreign exchange, or to manage the supply of certain goods within the country.

When an import quota is in place, once the specified quantity of the good has been imported, no more of that good can be brought into the country until the quota period resets, often annually. This can lead to shortages of the imported good if demand exceeds the quota limit. Businesses that rely on imported goods may face higher costs or be unable to meet consumer demand.

The implementation of quotas can result in higher prices for consumers, as the reduced supply drives up the cost of the available imported goods. It can also lead to rent-seeking behavior, where those who hold import licenses or are able to secure the limited quantities of goods benefit disproportionately. While quotas aim to protect domestic producers, they can also stifle innovation and efficiency by reducing competitive pressure. The World Trade Organization (WTO) generally discourages the use of quotas and promotes their gradual elimination.