Inhalaatiosteroidit

Inhalaatiosteroidit, commonly known as inhaled corticosteroids, are a class of medication used primarily for the management and prevention of respiratory conditions, notably asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These drugs work by reducing inflammation in the airways, thus decreasing the severity and frequency of asthma attacks and improving airflow.

Inhaled corticosteroids are administered via inhalers, nebulizers, or dry powder inhalers, allowing for direct delivery to the lungs. This targeted approach minimizes systemic side effects commonly associated with oral corticosteroids. Commonly prescribed inhaled corticosteroids include fluticasone, budesonide, beclomethasone, and mometasone.

These medications help control symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, and are often part of a long-term maintenance therapy. They are typically used regularly, rather than as rescue medications during acute episodes. Proper inhaler technique and adherence are essential to maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects.

Potential side effects of inhaled corticosteroids include oral thrush (a fungal infection in the mouth), hoarseness, and coughing. Rinsing the mouth after inhalation can reduce the risk of these adverse effects. In rare cases, long-term use may be associated with systemic effects such as decreased bone mineral density or adrenal suppression, particularly at higher doses.

Inhaled corticosteroids are regarded as safe and effective when used as prescribed. They are an essential component of asthma and COPD management, helping improve quality of life and reduce hospitalizations related to exacerbations. Ongoing research continues to optimize their use and minimize potential risks.