Infrarotkoagulation

Infrarotkoagulation, or infrared coagulation (IRC), is a minimally invasive medical procedure used primarily to treat internal hemorrhoids. It employs focused infrared light to coagulate blood vessels in the hemorrhoidal tissue, leading to reduced blood flow and gradual shrinkage of the hemorrhoid. The technique is typically performed in an outpatient setting and may require only light sedation or local anesthesia, depending on local practice and patient comfort.

The procedure uses a specialized probe that delivers infrared energy to the mucosa of the hemorrhoids. The absorbed energy raises the temperature of the tissue, causing coagulation of proteins and ischemic necrosis in a small area. Over time, scar formation seals the vessels and the hemorrhoidal tissue retreats. The treatment is usually quick, with individual applications lasting a few seconds per hemorrhoid.

Indications are mainly symptomatic internal hemorrhoids that are small to moderate in size, often graded as I or II. IRC is most appropriate for internal hemorrhoids that bleed or prolapse mildly but are not severely prolapsed or external. It is generally considered when conservative measures and topical therapies have not resolved symptoms, and it is not suitable for external hemorrhoids or large, prolapsed hemorrhoids.

Compared with surgical approaches, infrared coagulation offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness, short procedure time, and quick recovery. Risks are usually low but can include transient pain or discomfort, minor bleeding, ulceration at the treated area, infection, or recurrence of hemorrhoids requiring additional sessions. It is not suitable for external hemorrhoids or large, prolapsed hemorrhoids, and it should not be used when there are active anorectal infections or fissures at the treatment site.

Other office-based or surgical options for hemorrhoids include rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, and hemorrhoidectomy. The choice depends on the hemorrhoid grade, location, symptoms, patient preference, and clinician experience. Infrared coagulation remains one of several tools available to treat internal hemorrhoids with the goal of reducing bleeding and improving comfort without excisional surgery.