Infractions

An infraction is a violation of law, rule, or regulation that is typically considered less serious than a misdemeanor or a crime. Infractions generally carry penalties such as fines rather than imprisonment, and in many jurisdictions they are not treated as criminal offenses. The term is used in criminal, civil, and administrative contexts, and its exact meaning can vary by jurisdiction.

Common examples include traffic violations (such as speeding or running a red light), municipal code violations (noise disturbances, improper zoning), and regulatory breaches (late tax filings or safety-code violations). In some systems, infractions do not require a court appearance and can be resolved by paying a fine or completing a mandated course; in others, a formal citation may trigger a hearing.

Procedures for infractions typically involve notice of the alleged violation, an opportunity to respond or contest, and a determination of responsibility. Penalties may include fines, points on a driving record, mandated corrective actions, or civil penalties. Recurrent or severe infractions can lead to increased fines, license suspensions, or other administrative consequences; criminal charges may be pursued if the conduct constitutes a more serious offense.

The use and consequences of the term vary widely. Some jurisdictions distinguish between infractions and offenses and may limit criminal records for minor infractions unless they escalate; others use terms such as “violation” or “regulatory offense.” In domains such as sports or workplace policies, an infraction denotes a rule violation with league penalties or disciplinary measures rather than a criminal sanction.

Overall, infractions serve as a mechanism to enforce rules and regulations without resorting to criminal prosecution for minor or administrative breaches.