Indítóáram

Indítóáram, also known as inrush current or starting current, refers to the temporary surge of electrical current that flows into a device when it is first switched on. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable in devices with inductive loads, such as electric motors, transformers, and fluorescent lamp ballasts. When power is applied to these components, their magnetic fields are not yet established, leading to a much lower impedance than when they are operating normally. This low impedance allows a significantly larger current to flow momentarily until the magnetic field builds up and the impedance increases.

The magnitude of the indítóáram can be several times the normal operating current, typically ranging from two to ten times, and in some cases even higher. This surge is transient, lasting only for a fraction of a second to a few seconds, depending on the device. While indítóáram is a normal operational characteristic, its high magnitude can have several implications. It can cause voltage dips in the electrical system, potentially affecting other connected equipment. It can also place stress on electrical components, such as switch contacts and power supplies.

To mitigate the effects of indítóáram, various starting methods are employed. These include soft starters, variable frequency drives (VFDs), and star-delta starters for motors. These techniques gradually increase the voltage or limit the current during the starting phase, reducing the peak inrush. Understanding and managing indítóáram is crucial for ensuring the reliable operation and longevity of electrical systems and their components.