Industripolitikk

Industripolitikk, a term used in Norwegian and other Nordic languages for industrial policy, refers to government actions aimed at developing and strengthening the domestic economy by supporting strategic industries, technologies, and capabilities. It seeks to raise productivity, create jobs, and improve international competitiveness, with attention to manufacturing, energy, digital services, and the green transition. Industripolitikk can be horizontal, pursuing broad improvements in the business environment, or selective, targeting specific sectors or firms.

Policy instruments commonly used under industripolitikk include direct subsidies and grants for research and development, investments in capital and infrastructure, and tax incentives to encourage private investment. Public procurement can favor domestic suppliers, and export promotion and credit programs help firms access markets. Regulatory frameworks, standards, and workforce development initiatives aim to accelerate innovation and skills in strategic areas. In practice, industripolitikk is often combined with broader innovation, education, infrastructure, and trade policies, and it may involve financial institutions or state‑owned entities to manage programs.

Policy design emphasizes coordination across government bodies, transparency, evaluation of results, and the use of sunset clauses or periodic reviews to avoid persistent distortions. International frameworks, such as EU state aid rules or WTO disciplines, shape how selective support can be implemented while still allowing interventions in areas deemed strategically important.

Critics argue that industripolitikk can distort markets, misallocate resources, and foster rent seeking. Proponents contend that well-designed, transparent programs can correct market failures, accelerate green and digital transitions, and help firms grow to scale. In recent decades, many economies have emphasized a modern form of industripolitikk focused on strategic sectors, innovation, and regional development.