Incestu

Incestu, commonly referred to as incest, designates sexual relations or marriage between close relatives. The exact scope of what counts as incest varies by legal jurisdiction, cultural tradition, and historical period, but most definitions center on blood relationship (consanguinity) and, in some cases, relationships established by marriage (affinity). In many countries, incest is illegal or heavily restricted, particularly when it involves direct-line relatives such as parent and child or siblings. Some jurisdictions also prohibit sexual relations between more distant relatives, such as first cousins, while others permit cousin marriage or have more limited prohibitions. Penalties, when present, can include criminal charges, civil consequences, or protective measures, and laws may distinguish between sex acts, cohabitation, or marriage.

Socially, incest is among the strongest taboos in numerous cultures. Public debate often centers on protecting individuals from coercion or abuse within family settings, ensuring informed consent, and safeguarding children and vulnerable relatives. Genetic risks associated with offspring from close kin are cited in medical discussions, although legal rules do not universally hinge on genetics alone and focus more on safeguarding people from exploitation.

Historically, attitudes toward incest have fluctuated. Some royal or noble lineages practiced intra-familial marriage for property or alliance, while many religious and legal traditions condemned it. In modern legal frameworks, the emphasis is typically on preventing abuse and protecting autonomy, with varying degrees of restriction for adult, consensual relationships within kinship networks.

See also: consanguinity, incest laws, marriage law, child protection.