Imunocitoquímica

Imunocitoquímica, also known as immunocytochemistry (ICC), is a laboratory technique that uses antibodies to detect the presence and location of specific antigens within cells. This method relies on the highly specific binding of an antibody to its corresponding antigen. In practice, cells are fixed and permeabilized to allow antibodies to enter. A primary antibody, which is designed to bind to the target antigen, is then applied. Following this, a secondary antibody, which is labeled with a detectable marker such as an enzyme or a fluorescent dye, is added. This secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody. The presence and location of the antigen are then visualized by detecting the signal from the marker on the secondary antibody, often using microscopy. Imunocitoquímica is a valuable tool in various fields, including cell biology, histology, and diagnostics. It helps researchers study protein expression, cellular localization, and cell differentiation. In clinical settings, it is used to diagnose diseases, particularly cancer, by identifying specific cellular markers. The sensitivity and specificity of the technique depend on the quality of the antibodies and the proper execution of the protocol.