Immunszegénynek

Immunszegénynek is a Hungarian term that translates to "immunodeficient" or "having a weakened immune system" in English. It refers to a state where an individual's immune system is compromised, making them more susceptible to infections and diseases. This can be due to a variety of underlying causes, both congenital and acquired.

Congenital immunodeficiencies, also known as primary immunodeficiencies, are genetic disorders present from birth. These conditions affect the development or function of specific components of the immune system. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), agammaglobulinemia, and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Individuals with these conditions often experience recurrent, severe, or unusual infections.

Acquired immunodeficiencies, or secondary immunodeficiencies, develop later in life. They are not inherited but result from external factors that damage or suppress the immune system. Common causes include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), certain cancers like leukemia and lymphoma, and their treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chronic diseases, malnutrition, and the use of immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., for organ transplantation or autoimmune diseases) can also lead to acquired immunodeficiency.

A person described as immunszegénynek requires careful medical management to prevent and treat infections. This may involve prophylactic antibiotics, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and avoidance of exposure to pathogens. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and a series of laboratory tests to assess immune function.