Immunosuppressioon

Immunosuppression refers to a state where the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely eliminated. This can be a deliberate medical intervention to prevent the body from rejecting a transplanted organ or to treat autoimmune diseases where the immune system attacks its own tissues. It can also occur unintentionally due to certain illnesses or medical treatments.

There are two main categories of immunosuppression: primary and secondary. Primary immunosuppression is genetic and present from birth, often leading to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Secondary immunosuppression is acquired later in life. Causes of secondary immunosuppression include infections like HIV, malnutrition, certain cancers, and medical treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and the use of immunosuppressive drugs.

Immunosuppressed individuals are highly susceptible to infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens that a healthy immune system would typically control. These infections can be more severe and difficult to treat. Maintaining good hygiene, avoiding sick individuals, and prompt medical attention for any signs of infection are crucial for managing immunosuppression. Medical professionals closely monitor immunosuppressed patients for signs of infection and may prescribe prophylactic medications to prevent certain infections. The goal of managing immunosuppression is to balance the necessary reduction in immune activity with the risk of infection.