Immunodefektiot

Immunodefektiot, also known as immune deficiencies, are conditions where the body's immune system is weakened, making it less able to fight off infections and diseases. These deficiencies can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic conditions, certain medications, chronic illnesses, and malnutrition.

There are two main categories of immunodeficiencies: primary and secondary. Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders that are present from birth, although symptoms may not appear until later in life. There are over 400 known types of primary immunodeficiencies, affecting different parts of the immune system. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Secondary immunodeficiencies develop later in life due to external factors. These are more common than primary immunodeficiencies and can be caused by conditions such as HIV/AIDS, certain cancers like leukemia and lymphoma, or the use of immunosuppressive drugs for organ transplantation or autoimmune diseases.

Symptoms of immunodeficiency vary greatly depending on the specific condition and its severity. Common signs include frequent and recurrent infections, such as pneumonia, sinus infections, and skin infections. Infections may also be more severe, last longer, and be caused by organisms that typically do not cause illness in healthy individuals. Delayed wound healing and certain autoimmune disorders can also be indicators. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, including blood tests to assess the number and function of immune cells and antibody levels. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent infections, and restore immune function where possible. This can include immunoglobulin replacement therapy, prophylactic antibiotics, and, in some cases, stem cell transplantation for certain primary immunodeficiencies.