Immunoassaymenetelmät

Immunoassaymenetelmät refers to a group of analytical techniques that utilize the specific binding of antibodies to antigens to detect and quantify substances. These methods are widely used in clinical diagnostics, research, and drug testing due to their high sensitivity and specificity. The core principle involves a reaction between an antibody and its corresponding antigen. This binding event is then made detectable, often through a signal such as color change, fluorescence, or luminescence.

There are several types of immunoassays, including ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and Western blot. ELISA is a common method where an enzyme conjugated to an antibody generates a measurable signal upon reaction with a substrate. Western blot, on the other hand, is used to detect specific proteins separated by electrophoresis. Other variations exist, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) which uses radioactive labels, and immunofluorescence assays where a fluorescent dye is attached to the antibody. The choice of immunoassay method depends on factors like the analyte to be detected, the required sensitivity, and available resources. These techniques have revolutionized the detection of various biomolecules, including hormones, infectious agents, and disease markers.