Illuvációval

Illuvációval is a term referring to the process of leaching and subsequent deposition of minerals within soil horizons. This occurs when water percolates through the upper layers of soil, dissolving soluble minerals such as iron, aluminum, and organic compounds. As this mineral-rich water moves downward, it encounters different soil conditions, such as changes in pH or moisture content, which can cause the dissolved minerals to precipitate out of solution. These deposited minerals accumulate in lower soil layers, forming distinct horizons that are often richer in these substances than the layers above. This process is a key factor in soil formation and influences soil color, structure, and fertility. The rate and extent of illuvációval depend on various factors including climate, parent material, topography, and vegetation. In humid climates with significant rainfall, illuvációval is typically more pronounced, leading to the development of strongly differentiated soil profiles. Conversely, arid or semi-arid regions generally exhibit less significant illuvációval. The resulting illuvial horizons are important indicators for soil classification and understanding the pedogenic processes at play.