Identifikationsproblemen

Identifikation, or identification, is the process of establishing or recognizing the identity of a person, organization, or object. In everyday use, it refers to determining who someone is, or verifying that a claimed identity matches the actual identity. The term is used across disciplines, including law, information technology, criminology, and psychology.

Personal identification: Official documents such as identity cards, passports, and birth certificates provide documentary identification. In many systems, electronic means such as digital IDs, biometric data (fingerprints, facial recognition), or cryptographic credentials are used to verify a person's claimed identity.

In security and digital contexts, identification is followed by authentication and authorization. Identification answers "who are you?", authentication proves it (passwords, tokens, biometrics). Multi-factor methods increase assurance. Forensics and law enforcement use identifications by physical traits (fingerprints, DNA, voice) to link suspects or victims to evidence.

Sociopsychological dimension: Identification also refers to the process by which individuals identify with others, groups, or roles, shaping self-concept and behavior. In qualitative research, identification can address how people align with social categories such as nationality, gender, or profession.

Privacy and ethics: The collection and use of identifying information raise privacy concerns, data protection issues, and potential biases or errors in biometric matching. Standards and regulations aim to ensure accuracy, consent, and accountability.