Hülloperations

Hülloperations, also known as encapsulation, is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming. It refers to the bundling of data (attributes) and the methods (functions) that operate on that data into a single unit, called a class. This unit acts as a protective wrapper or "hull" around the data, controlling access to it.

The primary purpose of encapsulation is to restrict direct access to some of an object's components. This is achieved through access modifiers, such as public, private, and protected. Private members can only be accessed and modified by methods within the same class. Public members, on the other hand, can be accessed from outside the class. This principle of data hiding, or information hiding, prevents external code from directly manipulating the internal state of an object in unintended ways, thus maintaining data integrity.

Encapsulation also promotes modularity and code reusability. By encapsulating data and behavior, a class becomes a self-contained unit. This makes it easier to understand, maintain, and reuse code in different parts of a program or in entirely new projects. Changes to the internal implementation of a class can be made without affecting other parts of the program, as long as the public interface remains the same. This abstraction allows developers to focus on what an object does rather than how it does it.