Hõlmav

Hõlmav is an Estonian adjective used to describe something that covers or includes a wide range of elements, aspects, or components. It conveys a sense of breadth and thoroughness, often implying that no major part is left out. In practice, hõlmav can describe plans, analyses, perspectives, or definitions that aim to be comprehensive and integrative rather than narrow or fragmented.

Etymology and formation: The word derives from the verb hõlma, meaning “to embrace” or “to encircle,” with the suffix -v forming the attributive adjective. The sense is that something “embraces” many parts or facets.

Usage and examples: Hõlmav is common in formal and academic Estonian. Phrases include hõlmav lähenemine (holistic approach), hõlmav uuring (comprehensive study), and hõlmav plaan (comprehensive plan). It is used to describe fields of study, policies, or analyses that seek to integrate multiple dimensions, including technical, social, economic, and cultural aspects. The term is preferred when the aim is to reflect a wide scope and avoid omissions. It contrasts with more restricted terms such as piirav or kitsas, which denote limitation or narrow focus.

See also: Related concepts in Estonian language and usage include wide or general descriptors such as lai and üldine, though hõlmav emphasizes inclusion and thorough coverage.