Háþrýstingi

Háþrýstingi is the Icelandic word for high blood pressure, also known as hypertension. It is a common medical condition where the long-term force of the blood against the artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.

High blood pressure is typically defined as a systolic pressure of 130 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or higher or a diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg or higher. These measurements represent the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (systolic) and when the heart rests between beats (diastolic).

The causes of high blood pressure can be varied. In many cases, the exact cause is unknown; this is referred to as essential or primary hypertension. However, secondary hypertension can be caused by an underlying medical condition such as kidney problems, thyroid issues, or certain medications. Lifestyle factors like a diet high in salt, lack of physical activity, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking also contribute significantly to the development of the condition.

Symptoms of high blood pressure are often absent, which is why it is sometimes called the "silent killer." When symptoms do occur, they can include headaches, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, and dizziness, but these are not specific to hypertension. Regular blood pressure checks are crucial for early detection.

Treatment for háþrýstingi usually involves lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medication. These changes often include adopting a healthier diet, increasing physical activity, losing weight, reducing salt and alcohol intake, and quitting smoking. Medications may be prescribed to help lower blood pressure by affecting heart rate, blood vessel constriction, or fluid balance. Managing high blood pressure is important to reduce the risk of serious health complications.