Hálfleiðari
Hálfleiðari is the Icelandic word for semiconductor. Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor, like copper, and an insulator, like glass. Their conductivity can be manipulated by adding impurities in a process called doping, or by applying external electric fields or light. This unique property makes them essential components in modern electronics.
The behavior of semiconductors is governed by their electronic band structure. In conductors, the valence band
Common semiconductor materials include silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), both from Group 14 of the periodic table.
The fundamental building blocks of almost all electronic devices, from simple diodes and transistors to complex