Hypotensio

Hypotension is a medical condition characterized by abnormally low blood pressure. It is typically defined as a systolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of less than 60 mmHg. Hypotension can be classified into two main types: orthostatic hypotension and neurogenic hypotension.

Orthostatic hypotension occurs when a person's blood pressure drops significantly upon standing up from a sitting or lying position. This type of hypotension is often associated with aging, dehydration, or certain medications. Neurogenic hypotension, on the other hand, is caused by damage to the autonomic nervous system, which regulates blood pressure. This can result from conditions such as diabetes, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis.

Hypotension can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. It can also increase the risk of falls and injuries, particularly in older adults. Diagnosis of hypotension typically involves measuring blood pressure at different times of the day and under various conditions.

Treatment for hypotension depends on the underlying cause. For orthostatic hypotension, lifestyle modifications such as staying hydrated and avoiding sudden changes in position may be recommended. Medications such as midodrine or fludrocortisone may also be prescribed. For neurogenic hypotension, addressing the underlying condition and using medications to increase blood pressure may be necessary.

Prevention of hypotension involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and adequate hydration. Regular check-ups and monitoring of blood pressure can also help in the early detection and management of hypotension.