Hyposecretio

Hyposecretio is a term used to describe a reduced secretion from a gland or secretory system. In contemporary medical usage, the more common term is hyposecretion; hyposecretio appears in some historical or Latinized texts and is generally understood as a state of glandular under-secretion that can disrupt physiological balance.

Causes include intrinsic gland dysfunction (hypofunction) due to autoimmune destruction, genetic disorders, aging, infection, or surgical removal; secondary hyposecretion caused by decreased stimulation or receptor insensitivity; obstruction of ducts; or medications that suppress gland activity. Nutritional deficiencies and systemic diseases can contribute as well.

Examples include thyroid hyposecretion leading to hypothyroidism, pancreatic exocrine hyposecretion causing malabsorption, lacrimal gland hyposecretion leading to dry eye, and salivary gland hyposecretion resulting in xerostomia. Hyposecretion may also pertain to hormone release, as in underproduction of insulin or other endocrine hormones.

Diagnosis relies on clinical signs and laboratory measurements of secreted products, as well as stimulation tests and imaging to assess gland structure and function. Differential diagnosis includes hypofunction due to non-secreting tissues or increased clearance.

Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include hormone or enzyme replacement therapy, supportive measures, lifestyle modification, and management of complications. The prognosis depends on the gland involved, the severity of hyposecretion, and response to therapy.

See also hyposecretion, exocrine insufficiency, and related endocrine disorders.