Hypertyreósu

Hypertyreósu, also known as an overactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, affecting heart rate, body temperature, and how the body uses energy. When there is an excess of these hormones, the body's functions speed up, leading to a variety of symptoms.

Common symptoms of hypertyreósu include a rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, anxiety, tremors, weight loss despite an increased appetite, increased sweating, and heat intolerance. Other signs can include changes in menstrual patterns in women, frequent bowel movements, and difficulty sleeping. In some cases, the eyes may become enlarged or protrude, a condition known as Graves' ophthalmopathy, which is often associated with Graves' disease, a common cause of hypertyreósu.

Several factors can cause hypertyreósu. Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland, is the most frequent culprit. Other causes include toxic multinodular goiter, where lumps on the thyroid gland produce excess hormones, and thyroiditis, an inflammation of the thyroid. Ingesting too much iodine or taking excessive thyroid hormone medication can also lead to the condition.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and sometimes imaging tests like a thyroid scan. Treatment aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy which destroys thyroid cells, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. The choice of treatment depends on the cause, severity, and individual patient factors.