Hydrogenbasert

Hydrogenbasert is a term used to describe energy systems, fuels or processes that rely on hydrogen as the primary energy carrier or building block. In practice, hydrogenbasert technologies include fuel cells that convert hydrogen directly into electricity, as well as engines or turbines that burn hydrogen. It also covers chemical and industrial applications that use hydrogen, such as ammonia synthesis or refining processes.

Production and delivery methods vary. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis, which splits water into hydrogen and oxygen, using electricity from renewables, nuclear, or the grid. When the electricity comes from renewable sources, the hydrogen is often labeled green. Hydrogen can also be produced from fossil fuels: steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage yields blue hydrogen, while reforming without capture yields grey hydrogen. Coal gasification is another route, producing brown hydrogen. Storage and transport options include compressed gas, liquefied hydrogen, or chemical carriers like ammonia; infrastructure requirements are a major consideration for scale.

Applications span transport, industry and energy systems. In transport, hydrogen powers fuel cells for cars, trucks, buses and ships, and can supplement or replace combustion engines in certain applications. In industry, hydrogen is used as a reducing agent in steelmaking and in ammonia production. In energy systems, hydrogen serves as a storage vector to balance intermittent renewables and support grid reliability.

Advantages and challenges coexist. Hydrogenbasert solutions offer potential for deep decarbonization, particularly in hard-to-electrify sectors, and enable longer-duration energy storage. Challenges include higher production costs for low-emission hydrogen, efficiency losses in conversion chains, safety considerations, and the need for widespread low-emission production and robust infrastructure.