Humusztípusok

Humusztípusok refers to the classification of humus, the stable organic component of soil. Humus forms from the decomposition of plant and animal residues by microorganisms. Different types of humus are distinguished by their degree of decomposition, chemical composition, and physical properties.

One common classification distinguishes between mull, moder, and mor humus. Mull humus is characterized by a high degree of decomposition, a crumbly structure, and a rich, dark color. It is rich in nutrients and supports a diverse soil fauna and flora. Mull is typically found in fertile forest soils and grasslands.

Moder humus represents an intermediate stage of decomposition. It has a less stable structure than mull and often contains visible fragments of undecomposed organic material. Moder is common in forest soils with a moderate rate of decomposition and can be slightly acidic.

Mor humus, also known as raw humus, is the least decomposed type. It forms a distinct, often thick, layer on the soil surface, composed of recognizable plant residues like leaves and twigs. Mor humus is acidic, has poor nutrient availability, and supports a less diverse soil life, often dominated by fungi and specific invertebrates.

Another way to classify humus is based on its chemical composition, particularly the ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids. Humic acids are larger, more complex molecules, while fulvic acids are smaller and more soluble. The relative proportions of these components influence soil properties such as cation exchange capacity and water retention. Understanding these humus types is crucial for soil fertility assessment, land management, and ecological studies.