Hochleistungsfahrzeugen

Hochleistungsfaser, or high-performance fiber, refers to a class of fibres engineered to deliver superior strength, stiffness, thermal stability, or chemical resistance compared with conventional fibres. They are used as reinforcements in composites and in specialized textiles, where high specific strength or performance under harsh conditions is required.

Common types include aramid fibers (for example Kevlar and Twaron) known for outstanding toughness and heat resistance; carbon fibers offering very high stiffness and strength at low weight; glass fibers (E- and S-glass) providing good strength with electrical insulation; ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers (UHMWPE, e.g., Dyneema, Spectra) with exceptional tensile strength-to-weight; and ceramic fibers (such as alumina and silicon carbide) for extreme-temperature applications.

Production methods vary by material. Aramids are produced by wet or dry spinning; carbon fibers originate from PAN or pitch precursors and undergo stabilization and carbonization; UHMWPE fibers are extruded from ultra-high-molecular-weight polymers; ceramic fibers are drawn or spun at high temperatures.

Key properties include high tensile strength and modulus, low density, good abrasion and chemical resistance, and, for carbon and ceramic fibers, excellent thermal stability. Applications span aerospace, automotive, wind energy, sports equipment, ballistic protection, and industrial filtration. In composites, these fibres act as reinforcements to achieve high specific strength and stiffness.

Quality control uses standards from ASTM and ISO for tensile properties, modulus, creep resistance, and thermal behavior. Surface sizing improves adhesion with matrix materials and enhances handling.