Hochbau

Hochbau refers to the part of construction that deals with above-ground structures, primarily buildings intended for occupancy such as residences, offices, and public facilities. It encompasses architectural design, the load-bearing structure, the exterior envelope, and interior spaces. Hochbau is typically contrasted with Tiefbau, which covers below-ground works like foundations, tunnels, and utilities.

The core of Hochbau is the structural system, which may rely on load-bearing walls, columns and beams, or frame structures. Common construction methods include traditional masonry, reinforced concrete skeletons, steel frameworks, and timber construction. Facades and roofs are integral to Hochbau, influencing thermal performance, weather resistance, aesthetics, and ventilation. Materials have evolved from brick and stone to concrete, steel, and engineered wood, with sustainability considerations shaping modern choices.

Historically, Hochbau developed from ancient masonry to contemporary high-rise construction, driven by urbanization, industrialization, and advances in materials, fire safety, and construction techniques. It covers a wide range of building types—residential, office, commercial, educational, healthcare, cultural, and public buildings—as well as renovations and retrofit projects that improve energy efficiency, accessibility, and adaptability.

In current practice, Hochbau combines architectural design with structural engineering, building services, and sustainability. Building codes regulate safety, fire resistance, energy use, and environmental impact. The field engages with urban planning, transportation, and infrastructure development to ensure cohesive, functional built environments.