Hjärtarytmer

Hjärtarytmer refers to the pattern of the heart's contractions, essentially the rhythm at which the heart beats. The heart has a natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node, which initiates electrical impulses that cause the atria to contract. These impulses then travel to the atrioventricular (AV) node, which delays them slightly before sending them to the ventricles, causing them to contract. This coordinated electrical activity ensures efficient pumping of blood throughout the body.

A normal heart rhythm is called a sinus rhythm, characterized by a regular and consistent beat. Deviations from this normal rhythm are known as arrhythmias or heart rhythm disorders. Arrhythmias can manifest as a heartbeat that is too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregular.

Causes of arrhythmias are varied and can include underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease or heart failure, electrolyte imbalances, hormonal problems, certain medications, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress. Some arrhythmias are benign and cause no symptoms, while others can lead to serious health consequences, including dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, chest pain, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest. Diagnosis often involves an electrocardiogram (ECG) which records the electrical activity of the heart. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the arrhythmia and may include lifestyle changes, medication, or procedures like pacemakers or cardioversion.