Histamiinihäiriö

Histamiinihäiriö, or histamine intolerance, is a condition characterized by an inability to properly metabolize histamine, a biogenic amine that plays a role in immune responses, digestion, and neurotransmission. This metabolic dysfunction leads to a buildup of histamine in the body, triggering a range of symptoms. The primary enzyme responsible for breaking down histamine is diamine oxidase (DAO). Reduced DAO activity or an imbalance between histamine production and degradation is believed to be the underlying cause.

Symptoms of histamine intolerance can be diverse and often overlap with other conditions, making diagnosis challenging. Common manifestations include gastrointestinal issues such as bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Dermatological symptoms like hives, itching, and eczema can also occur. Neurological effects may include headaches, migraines, dizziness, and fatigue. Cardiovascular symptoms such as a rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure are also reported.

The condition is often triggered or exacerbated by the consumption of histamine-rich foods. These include fermented products like aged cheese, sauerkraut, and alcoholic beverages, as well as certain fish, processed meats, and some fruits and vegetables. While the exact prevalence is unknown, it is thought to affect a significant portion of the population, particularly women. Diagnosis typically involves a process of elimination, including dietary restrictions and sometimes DAO enzyme activity testing. Management focuses on a low-histamine diet, avoiding trigger foods, and in some cases, DAO enzyme supplements.